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Topic Review
Kynurenine Pathway
Tryptophan metabolism plays an essential role in human health. In mammals, about 95% of dietary tryptophan is metabolized through the kynurenine pathway, which is associated with the development of several pathologies, including neurodegeneration. Some of the kynurenine pathway metabolites are agonists of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor involved in metabolic functions, inflammation, and carcinogenesis. 
  • 16
  • 30 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Bioactive Films Incorporated with Essential Oils in Food
Essential oils, consisting of volatile compounds, are derived from various plant parts and possess antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Certain essential oils are utilized for medicinal purposes and can serve as natural preservatives in food products, replacing synthetic ones. 
  • 17
  • 30 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Intrinsic Mechanisms of Hippocampal Neural Stem Cell Aging
Since Joseph Altman's groundbreaking research revealing neurogenesis in the adult rat hippocampus, the field has witnessed an exponential growth in publications. Researchers know that the adult hippocampus harbors a pool of adult neural stem cells (NSCs) driving life-long neurogenesis and plasticity. Aging significantly influences NSC functions, leading to a diminished capacity for generating new neurons and contributing to the gradual deterioration of hippocampus-related cognitive functions. Although the mechanisms underlying this age-related decline are only partially understood, factors such as increased NSC quiescence, altered differentiation patterns and NSC exhaustion have been linked to it.
  • 23
  • 30 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Palm Fungi
A wealth of studies has shown that palm trees (Arecaceae) are a diverse habitat with intense fungal colonisation, making them an important substratum to explore fungal diversity. Palm trees are perennial, monocotyledonous plants mainly restricted to the tropics that include economically important crops and highly valued ornamental plants worldwide. The extensive research conducted in Southeast Asia and Australasia has proven that fungi recovered from palm tissues are an important and taxonomically diverse assemblage that is often referred to as palm fungi or palmicolous fungi. It is estimated that there are about 76,000 species of palm fungi worldwide, of which more than 2500 are currently known. A number of ecological issues were assessed in palm fungi, which are critical to the study of fungal communities and their biological patterns in ecosystems. These studies have emphasised the intimate relationship of palm fungi with palm hosts, insomuch as they are considered to be good biogeographical indicators, playing a key role in biodiversity surveys. Palm fungi are considered a unique group of fungi, since many genera found to be associated with palms are host-specific or are rarely found associated with other plants. This host-specificity is far from being fully understood. Studies have revealed that it may be associated with the ecology of these microorganisms and their close association with palm hosts. Some palm fungi recorded as saprobes are often recovered as endophytes, which can justify the high plant:fungus ratios estimated in Arecaceae hosts. In turn, this surely accounts for the remarkable number of new species to science that are continuously being described from palms.
  • 58
  • 30 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Alfalfa Stem Cell Wall Digestibility
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is considered as the most important forage legume with high biomass yield and nutritional quality for ruminants. The alfalfa leaf cell walls are highly digestible, but stem cell walls of alfalfa are not readily digestible. The cell wall component of alfalfa has a large source of dietary energy, but ruminant animals can digest less than half of this component due to the presence of high lignin content.
  • 21
  • 30 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Rumen Solubility of Copper, Manganese and Zinc
The dietary inclusion of trace minerals (TMs), such as copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn), is of importance to cover the ever-evolving requirements for growth, production and reproduction in ruminants. Various sources of TMs are commercially available, such as inorganic (ITM), organic (OTM) or hydroxy (HTM) forms; however, their bioavailability and efficiency to improve ruminant zootechnical parameters may be highly influenced by ruminal solubility and effects on the rumen environment.
  • 20
  • 30 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Piperine’s Dual Mechanisms of Prevention and Destruction ofCancer
Piperine, an active alkaloid with a wide range of therapeutic properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects, has garnered attention for its potential in cancer prevention and treatment. Cancer chemoprevention emboldens the use of natural and synthetic biologically active substances to prevent, inhibit, or reverse cancer progression. Chemopreventive agents have been classified into blocking agents and suppressing agents. Blocking agents impede the initiation of tumors. Suppressing agents, on the other hand, act subsequently by suppressing the transformation of initiated cells into preneoplastic and/or neoplastic cells and malignancy. Piperine exhibits a unique duality in its abilities, functioning as both a blocking and a suppressing agent in cancer prevention and therapy. This dual role allows piperine to target multiple pathways and aspects of cancer development and progression, ultimately enhancing the effectiveness of chemoprevention strategies.
  • 18
  • 30 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Superoxide Dismutase 1 in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive motor neurodegenerative disease. Cell damage in ALS is the result of many different, largely unknown, pathogenetic mechanisms. Superoxide Dismutase 1 (SOD1) physiologically mediates intracellular peroxide generation. About 10% of ALS subjects show a familial disease associated with different gain-of-function SOD1 mutations. The occurrence of sporadic ALS, not clearly associated with SOD1 defects, has been also described. SOD1-dependent pathways have been involved in neuron functional network as well as in immune-response regulation. 
  • 17
  • 30 Nov 2023
Topic Review
mTOR Signaling Pathway in Cell Growth
The evolutionarily conserved target of rapamycin (TOR) serine/threonine kinase controls eukaryotic cell growth, metabolism and survival by integrating signals from the nutritional status and growth factors. TOR is the catalytic subunit of two distinct functional multiprotein complexes termed mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1) and mTORC2, which phosphorylate a different set of substrates and display different physiological functions. Dysregulation of TOR signaling has been involved in the development and progression of several disease states including cancer and diabetes. 
  • 17
  • 30 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Nutritional Value of Tenebrio molitor
Tenebrio molitor larvae, commonly known as mealworms, as they are a rich source of nutrients and can be reared with relatively low resource input.
  • 217
  • 29 Nov 2023
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