Topic Review
Hydrogels for Cardiac Repair and Regeneration
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death globally, affects the heart and arteries with a variety of clinical manifestations, the most dramatic of which are myocardial infarction (MI), abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), and intracranial aneurysm (IA) rupture. In MI, necrosis of the myocardium, scar formation, and loss of cardiomyocytes result from insufficient blood supply due to coronary artery occlusion. Beyond stenosis, the arteries that are structurally and functionally connected to the cardiac tissue can undergo pathological dilation, i.e., aneurysmal dilation, with high risk of rupture. Aneurysms of the intracranial arteries (IAs) are more commonly seen in young adults, whereas those of the abdominal aorta (AAA) are predominantly seen in the elderly. IAs, unpredictably, can undergo rupture and cause life-threatening hemorrhage, while AAAs can result in rupture, internal bleeding and high mortality rate. In this clinical context, hydrogels, three-dimensional networks of water-seizing polymers, have emerged as promising biomaterials for cardiovascular tissue repair or protection due to their biocompatibility, tunable properties, and ability to encapsulate and release bioactive molecules.
  • 279
  • 27 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Tissue Engineering for Cancer Metastasis Therapeutics
Tissue engineering is a promising field for regenerative medicine that is likely to be able to provide rehabilitation procedures to patients who have undergone surgeries, such as mastectomy and other reconstructive procedures. Another important use of tissue engineering has emerged recently that involves the development of realistic and robust in vitro models of cancer metastasis, to aid in drug discovery and new metastasis therapeutics, as well as evaluate cancer biology at metastasis.
  • 37
  • 05 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Small Angle Neutron Scattering on Nanostructured Polysaccharide Materials
Polysaccharide materials and biomaterials gain the focus of intense research owing to their great versatility in chemical structures and modification possibilities, as well as their biocompatibility, degradability, and sustainability features.
  • 50
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Stem Cells and Bone Tissue Engineering
Segmental bone defects that are caused by trauma, infection, tumor resection, or osteoporotic fractures present significant surgical treatment challenges. Host bone autograft is considered the gold standard for restoring function but comes with the cost of harvest site comorbidity. Allograft bone is a secondary option but has its own limitations in the incorporation with the host bone as well as its cost. Therefore, developing new bone tissue engineering strategies to treat bone defects is critically needed.
  • 173
  • 27 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Information Transmission in G Protein-Coupled Receptors
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest class of receptors in the human genome and constitute about 30% of all drug targets. The concept of information capacity can be used to measure researcher's understanding of GPCR computation. Capacity is the maximum amount of information that can be transmitted by a system. 
  • 56
  • 21 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Human Adipose Stem Cells in Bone Tissue Engineering
Adipose stem cells (ASCs) have multilineage differentiation capacity and hold great potential for regenerative medicine. Compared to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (bmMSCs), ASCs are easier to isolate from abundant sources with significantly higher yields. It is generally accepted that bmMSCs show age-related changes in their proliferation and differentiation potentials, whereas this aspect is still controversial in the case of ASCs.
  • 37
  • 17 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Glycan Modifications as Regulators of Stem Cell Fate
Glycosylation is a process where proteins or lipids are modified with glycans. The presence of glycans determines the structure, stability, and localization of glycoproteins, thereby impacting various biological processes, including embryogenesis, intercellular communication, and disease progression. Glycans can influence stem cell behavior by modulating signaling molecules that govern the critical aspects of self-renewal and differentiation. Furthermore, being located at the cell surface, glycans are utilized as markers for stem cell pluripotency and differentiation state determination.
  • 74
  • 07 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Plant Growth Regulation in Cell and Tissue Culture
Precise knowledge of all aspects controlling plant tissue culture and in vitro plant regeneration is crucial for plant biotechnologists and their correlated industry, as there is increasing demand for such scientific knowledge, which results in more productive and resilient in vitro plant propagation and acclimatization in the field. Surprisingly, but so far, researchers/industry-based protocols on the 60-year-old concepts ignore new plant physiology achievements. Namely, high nitrogen and halogens used in the culture medium and exogenous auxin/cytokinin ratio regulate plant morphogenesis.
  • 309
  • 05 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Organoids in Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer (PCa) has been known as the most prevalent cancer disease and the second leading cause of cancer mortality in men almost all over the globe. There is an urgent need for establishment of PCa models that can recapitulate the progress of genomic landscapes and molecular alterations during development and progression of this disease. Notably, several organoid models have been developed for assessing the complex interaction between PCa and its surrounding microenvironment. PCa organoids have been emerged as powerful in vitro 3D model systems that recapitulate the molecular features (such as genomic/epigenomic changes and tumor microenvironment) of PCa metastatic tumors. In addition, application of organoid technology in mechanistic studies (i.e., for understanding cellular/subcellular and molecular alterations) and translational medicine has been recognized as a promising approach for facilitating the development of potential biomarkers and novel therapeutic strategies.
  • 66
  • 26 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Tissue Nanotransfection Chips for In Vivo Tissue Reprogramming
Tissue nanotransfection (TNT), a cutting-edge technique of in vivo gene therapy, has gained substantial attention in various applications ranging from in vivo tissue reprogramming in regenerative medicine, and wound healing to cancer treatment. This technique harnesses the advancements in the semiconductor processes, facilitating the integration of conventional transdermal gene delivery methods—nanoelectroporation and microneedle technologies. TNT silicon chips have demonstrated considerable promise in reprogramming fibroblast cells of skin in vivo into vascular or neural cells in preclinical studies to assist in the recovery of injured limbs and damaged brain tissue.
  • 65
  • 25 Jan 2024
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