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Topic Review
Zoo Animal Welfare Assessment
Zoological institutions, such as zoos and aquariums, have made animal welfare a top priority, as it is not only a moral obligation but also crucial for fulfilling their roles in education and conservation. Thus, there is a need for science-based tools to assess and monitor animal welfare in these settings.
  • 179
  • 27 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Wolf Population Management
Wolf population management should be guided by knowledge on abundance, demographic and genetic structure, and reproduction. Such information is relevant both locally and internationally if populations of protected species inhabit areas shared by several states.
  • 439
  • 17 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Urban Wildlife Conservation and Communication under COVID-19
Most ecosystems are increasingly being degraded and reduced by human activities at the local and global scales. In contrast, urban environments are expanding as increasing portions of humanity move into cities.  The relevance of urban wildlife consumption and the trade between urban and rural areas and among cities have received growing attention in light of the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • 273
  • 16 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Marine Mammal Research
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), also known as “drones” or remote piloted aircrafts (RPAs), are an emerging tool for wildlife studies that could serve as a safer and non-invasive alternative or complement to traditional methodologies for marine mammal monitoring, with less impact on target populations. Marine mammals are ecosystem engineers that influence ecosystem structure and function because of their role in middle and upper trophic levels, large body size, and high regional abundance, exerting an important top-down control effect on the food web. 
  • 168
  • 15 Nov 2023
Topic Review
The Role of Phytoplankton in Carbon Dioxide Fixation
Marine phytoplankton account for more than half of the carbon dioxide fixation of Earth. The export of carbon is highest at the photic zone of the ocean, which is dominated by phytoplankton. The term phytoplankton comes from the Greek words phyto (plants) and plankton (wanderers or drifters). Plankton can also be zooplanktons that feed on phytoplankton and release fecal pellets that are made of dissolved carbon particles.
  • 1.7K
  • 13 Apr 2022
Topic Review
The Reason Breeding Companies Established Genebanks
Among the most important users of plant genetic resources, conserved predominantly in public genebanks around the world, are public and private plant breeders. Through their breeding efforts, they contribute significantly to global, regional, and local food and nutrition security. Plant breeders need genetic diversity to be able to develop competitive new varieties that are adapted to the changing environmental conditions and suit the needs of consumers. To ensure continued and timely access to the genetic resources that contain the required characteristics and traits, plant breeders established working collections with breeding materials and germplasm for the crops they were breeding. However, with the changing and increasingly more restrictive access conditions, triggered by new global legal instruments like the Convention on Biological Diversity/Nagoya Protocol and the International Treaty, plant breeders started to establish their own genebanks, to ensure continued and non-bureaucratic access.
  • 90
  • 28 Jan 2024
Topic Review
The Orchids of Wetland Vegetation in Central Balkans
The orchid family (Orchidaceae) is one of the largest and most diverse families in the plant kingdom, with approximately 28,000 species and 880 genera. Because of their germination limitation, mycorrhizal specificity and pollinator specialization, orchids are particularly vulnerable to changes in ecosystem balance, especially changes in moisture content, light regime, nutrient availability and competition levels. Habitat changes or their complete destruction have led to the extinction or decline in abundance and distribution of many orchids and, consequently, many species are protected by laws and/or are included in Red Data Books. Therefore, knowledge of the habitats and ecological preferences of orchids is a prerequisite for their appropriate conservation.
  • 598
  • 05 Jan 2023
Topic Review
The Importance of Keeping Dogs
The dog has been man’s faithful companion throughout history. They help with daily activities and make their families happy. Dogs can be a source of comfort in times of emotional difficulty, as well as having positive psychological and physical health impacts.
  • 386
  • 07 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Status and Needs of Shark Conservation
The expanding shark fin market has resulted in intensive global shark fishing. With 90% of teleost fish stocks over-exploited, sharks have become the most lucrative target. As predators, they have high ecological value, are sensitive to fishing pressure, and are in decline, but the secretive nature of the fin trade and difficulties obtaining relevant data, obscure their true status. In consumer countries, shark fin is a luxury item and rich consumers pay high prices with little interest in sustainability or legal trade. Thus, market demand will continue to fuel the hunt for sharks and those accessible to fishing fleets are increasingly endangered. Current legal protections are not working, as exemplified by the case of the shortfin mako shark. Claims that sharks can be sustainably fished under these circumstances are misguided. To avert a catastrophic collapse across the planet’s aquatic ecosystems, sharks and their habitats must be given effective protection. 
  • 383
  • 21 Sep 2022
Topic Review
State of the World’s Herbaria
Herbaria remain the primary means of documenting plant life on earth, and the number of herbaria worldwide and the number of specimens they hold continues to grow. Digitization of herbarium specimens, though far from complete, has increased the discoverability of herbarium holdings and has increased the range of studies from which data from herbarium specimens can be used. The rather large number of herbaria about which no current information is available is a source of concern, as is herbarium consolidation and removal of herbaria to offsite storage facilities. Partnerships are key to the future health of herbaria. 
  • 85
  • 09 Jan 2024
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