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Topic Review
Biography
Topic Review
Adolescent Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a chronic condition that affects women throughout various stages of their lives by causing pain, infertility, and malignant progression.
640
22 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Obstetric Brachial Palsy
Obstetric Brachial Palsy (OBP) is defined as a partial or total flaccid paralysis that affects the upper limb of the newborn due to brachial plexus injury occurring in normal delivery, and, more rarely, in cesarean section, often associated with shoulder dystocia
638
05 Nov 2020
Topic Review
The Application of Platelet Rich Plasma in Gynecology
Regenerative medicine combines elements of tissue engineering and molecular biology aiming to support the regeneration and repair processes of damaged tissues, cells and organs. The most commonly used preparation in regenerative medicine is platelet rich plasma (PRP) containing numerous growth factors present in platelet granularities. This therapy is increasingly used in various fields of medicine.
630
17 May 2022
Topic Review
Adipocytokines
Adipocytokines are hormonally active molecules that are believed to play a key role in the regulation of crucial biological processes in the human body.
628
24 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Ovarian Cancer Biomarkers
Ovarian cancer is the eighth-most common cause of death among women worldwide. In the absence of distinctive symptoms in the early stages, the majority of women are diagnosed in advanced stages of the disease. Surgical debulking and systemic adjuvant chemotherapy remain the mainstays of treatment, with the development of chemoresistance in up to 75% of patients with subsequent poor treatment response and reduced survival. Therefore, there is a critical need to revisit existing, and identify potential biomarkers that could lead to the development of novel and more effective predictors for ovarian cancer diagnosis and prognosis. The capacity of these biomarkers to predict the existence, stages, and associated therapeutic efficacy of ovarian cancer would enable improvements in the early diagnosis and survival of ovarian cancer patients.
627
15 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Ramadan Fasting and Offspring Health
Ramadan is one of the five pillars of Islam, during which fasting is obligatory for all healthy individuals. Although pregnant women are exempt from this Islamic law, the majority nevertheless choose to fast. The association between Ramadan fasting and health outcomes of offspring is not supported by strong evidence. To further elucidate the effects of Ramadan fasting, larger prospective and retrospective studies with novel designs are needed.
616
26 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Oxidative Stress in Pregnancy
Human pregnancy can be affected by numerous pathologies, from those which are mild and reversible to others which are life-threatening. Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells and tissues and the ability of a biological system to detoxify these reactive products. In pregnancy, ROS are generated mainly in the placenta, but xanthine oxidase (XO) are present in the vascular endothelium, and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) are also sources of ROS.
608
25 May 2022
Topic Review
Micronutrients and DHA during Pregnancy
First randomized trial of multiple micronutrients and DHA in pregnant women during second and third trimester. Supplementation complemented dietary intake and increased maternal DHA. Vitamin D levels increased with supplementation but decreased in controls. Results are clinically relevant as DHA is vital for fetal neurodevelopment.
608
19 Aug 2020
Topic Review
Maternal Docosahexaenoic Acid
Dietary components are essential for the structural and functional development of the brain. Among these, docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n-3 (DHA), is critically necessary for the structure and development of the growing fetal brain in utero.
607
15 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Ovarian Cancer Peritoneal Metastasis: Exosomes and Mesothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
Most patients with ovarian cancer (OvCA) present peritoneal disseminated disease at the time of diagnosis. During peritoneal metastasis, cancer cells detach from the primary tumor and disseminate through the intraperitoneal fluid. The peritoneal mesothelial cell (PMC) monolayer that lines the abdominal cavity is the first barrier encountered by OvCA cells. Subsequent progression of tumors through the peritoneum leads to the accumulation into the peritoneal stroma of a sizeable population of carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which is mainly originated from a mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT) process. A common characteristic of OvCA patients is the intraperitoneal accumulation of ascitic fluid, which is composed of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, miRNAs, and proteins contained in exosomes, as well as tumor and mesothelial suspended cells, among other components that vary in proportion between patients. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that have been shown to mediate peritoneal metastasis by educating a pre-metastatic niche, promoting the accumulation of CAFs via MMT, and inducing tumor growth and chemoresistance. This review summarizes and discusses the pivotal role of exosomes and MMT as mediators of OvCA peritoneal colonization and as emerging diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
606
11 Nov 2021
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