Topic Review
A Lightweight Remote Sensing Aircraft Object Detection Network
Remote sensing aircraft object detection is crucial in various applications. In civil aviation and the aerospace industry, it helps identify other aircraft, drones, or obstacles around an aircraft to prevent collisions and enhance aviation safety. It also aids in the real-time monitoring and tracking of civil aviation flights, cargo planes, and private aircrafts to ensure their flight path and status.
  • 39
  • 13 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Factors Affecting Akinete Germination and the Ranges of Tolerances
Eutrophic freshwater ecosystems are vulnerable to toxin-producing cyanobacteria growth or harmful algal blooms. Cyanobacteria belonging to the Nostocales order form akinetes that are similar to the seeds of vascular plants, which are resting cells surrounded by a thick membrane. They overwinter in sediment and germinate when conditions become favorable, eventually developing into vegetative cells and causing blooms. 
  • 43
  • 12 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Lightning-Induced Wildfire Modeling
Wildfire causes environmental, economic, and human problems or losses.
  • 26
  • 12 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Microalgae Cultivation Techniques and Growth Conditions
Microalgae, constituting a wide range of photosynthetic organisms, span from fundamental blue-green algae (cyanobacteria/prokaryotes) to complex seaweeds, rendering them one of the most diverse groups in the biological kingdom.
  • 54
  • 12 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Chemical Coagulation–Flocculation Technologies and Their Performance
The permanent demand of modern society for water consumption across different industrial and domestic activities involves an increasing requirement for effective facilities that can ensure the treatment of the produced WW for onsite reuse, recycling, and safe/non-polluting discharge of the final effluents to natural aquatic environments. A few fundamental aspects of WW treatment using different physical, chemical, and biological processes were discussed, with the central goal being focused on the coagulation–flocculation step. Therefore, the role of the coagulation–flocculation step when applied to the treatment of colored textile WW and the advantages and disadvantages of using different chemicals as coagulation–flocculation agents in some industrial WW treatment systems as well as hybrid materials were presented in association with their increased efficiency in comparison to conventional ones.
  • 26
  • 12 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Peat Processing Technologies and Peat Applications
Peatlands can become valuable resources and greenhouse gas sinks through the use of different management practices. Peatlands provide carbon sequestration; however, they are also among the greatest greenhouse gas emissions sources. Peat is undervalued as a resource in the bioeconomy and innovation—a way that could save costs in peatland management. 
  • 62
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Blue Carbon in Seychelles
Blue carbon has been proposed as a nature-based solution for climate change mitigation through the reduction in greenhouse gases through carbon sequestration. This proposal entails the protection, restoration, and conservation of blue carbon ecosystems such that these systems can optimally provide valuable ecosystem services. Challenges remain in funding the conservation and protection efforts blue carbon systems require to function optimally. The ecosystem services blue carbon systems provide can be capitalised upon through various “payment for ecosystem services” schemes, but these have their own unique challenges to resolve.
  • 74
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Drone Photogrammetry for Underwater Cutural Heritage Documentation
Underwater cultural heritage (UCH) is an irreplaceable resource with intrinsic value that requires preservation, documentation, and safeguarding. Documentation is fundamental to increasing UCH resilience, providing a basis for monitoring, conservation, and management. Advanced UCH documentation and virtualization technologies are increasingly important for dissemination and visualization purposes, domain expert study, replica reproduction, degradation monitoring, and all other outcomes after a metric survey of cultural heritage (CH). Among the different metric documentation techniques, underwater photogrammetry is the most widely used for UCH documentation. It is a non-destructive and relatively inexpensive method that can produce high-resolution 3D models and 2D orthomosaics of underwater sites and artifacts. However, underwater photogrammetry is challenged by the different optical properties of water, light penetration, visibility and suspension, radiometric issues, and environmental drawbacks that make underwater documentation difficult. 
  • 36
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Plastic Pollution
Plastic is a word that initially meant “material that can be easily shaped, formed, molded by providing heat and pressure”. It only recently became a name for a category of materials called synthetic polymers. The polymer means “of many parts” and is a long chain of repeating smaller or larger molecules (monomers) bonded in subunits. Generally, natural polymers and synthetic polymers are used for making plastics. Synthetic polymers differ from natural polymers (such as silk, cellulose, muscle fiber, rubber, hair, and DNA). They are manufactured using raw materials such as oil, coal, and natural gas. There are two other types of plastics that do not fall into the above category of materials (natural or synthetic) and are known as biodegradable plastics and bioplastic materials. Biodegradable plastic is made from petroleum- or biomass-based resources. Bioplastic products are manufactured using biomass-based materials only. Both plastic materials are substitutes for synthetic plastic. 
  • 34
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Landscape Value Perception in Rural Development
Rural Spaces are becoming increasingly multifunctional, which requires a spatial approach that combines the natural features of the landscape with the socio-economic and cultural factors that drive its change. The understanding and evaluation of local landscapes by local populations should be considered an important benchmark for the management and conservation of these landscapes.
  • 82
  • 11 Mar 2024
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