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Agricultural systems refer to integrated systems of agricultural production and management that involve interactions among biological components, environmental conditions, human activities, technologies, and socioeconomic factors within agricultural landscapes ^[1]. The concept views agriculture as a complex system in which biological, environmental, and socioeconomic components interact to influence production processes and outcomes ^[2]. Agricultural systems encompass the organization and management of resources, inputs, production practices, and ecological processes that influence how agricultural activities function across different spatial and temporal scales ^[3]. Unlike individual agricultural practices or production technologies, which focus on specific components of farming, agricultural systems emphasize the interrelationships among multiple components and the overall functioning of agricultural production processes ^[1]. Agricultural systems integrate biological processes, resource management, and human decision-making to characterize the functioning and adaptation of agricultural production systems under changing environmental and socioeconomic conditions.