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Agricultural trade refers to the exchange of agricultural products, commodities, and related goods among producers, regions, or countries through market transactions and trade networks. The concept covers the circulation of crops, livestock products, processed agricultural goods, and other products derived from agricultural systems across domestic and international markets ^[1]. Agricultural trade is shaped by the interactions among production capacity, market demand, trade policies, transportation infrastructure, and comparative advantages, which collectively influence the allocation and distribution of agricultural goods ^[2]. Compared with general merchandise trade, agricultural trade is closely linked to biological production processes, seasonal variations in supply, natural resource conditions, and food system requirements that determine the availability and movement of agricultural products ^[3]. In agricultural and food production research, agricultural trade serves as a framework for examining commodity flows, market integration, trade specialization, and the connections between agricultural production systems and global food supply networks ^[4].