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| Version | Summary | Created by | Modification | Content Size | Created at | Operation |
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| 1 | Jack Zhong | -- | 203 | 2026-09-28 08:42:00 | | | |
| 2 | Jack Zhong | -10 word(s) | 193 | 2026-09-28 08:42:54 | | |
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Laser-induced graphene is a porous, three-dimensional carbon network formed when a laser scans over a carbon-rich polymer, converting a thin surface layer into graphene-like sheets in air and without a mask. Because the pattern is written by the beam, no solvent, no lithography and no furnace are needed, and the product combines electrical conductivity with an open pore structure and a large accessible surface. The sheet resistance, the pore size and the wettability are set by the laser wavelength, the power and the scan speed, and a single substrate can be driven from hydrophilic to strongly water-repellent with no post-treatment at all [1]. That tunability is exploited directly in devices, strain sensors among them [2]. The underlying polymer is untouched, so the film stays flexible, and non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors draw on the exposed edge planes of the network for detection in liquid [3]. Decoration with a metal oxide and writing onto paper extend the approach to microsupercapacitors [4], while freestanding films lifted off the substrate remove the polymer altogether [5]. How graphitic the product really is, and how uniform it is across a scan, remain open questions.
References
- Sun, B.; Zhang, Q.; Liu, X.; Zhai, Y.; Gao, C.; Zhang, Z. Fabrication of Laser-Induced Graphene Based Flexible Sensors Using 355 nm Ultraviolet Laser and Their Application in Human–Computer Interaction System. Materials 2023, 16, 6938. [CrossRef]
- Menon, D.M.N.; Giardino, M.; Janner, D. Direct Fabrication of Ultrahydrophobic Laser-Induced Graphene for Strain Sensors. Applied Sciences 2023, 13, 4935. [CrossRef]
- Kim, T.; Pak, J.J. Fabrication and Characterization of a Flexible Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Sensor Using a Cu Nanoparticle/Laser-Induced Graphene Fiber/Porous Laser-Induced Graphene Network Electrode. Sensors 2025, 25, 2341. [CrossRef]
- Abreu, R.; dos Santos Klem, M.; Pinheiro, T.; Vaz Pinto, J.; Alves, N.; Martins, R.; Carlos, E.; Coelho, J. Direct laser writing of MnOx decorated laser-induced graphene on paper for sustainable microsupercapacitor fabrication. FlatChem 2024, 46, 100672. [CrossRef]
- Ahn, J.G.; Hong, S. Recent advances in the fabrication of freestanding laser-induced graphene. JMST Advances 2025, 7, 195-200. [CrossRef]
