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Office, E.E. Biopsychosocial Formulation. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/60178 (accessed on 06 October 2026).
Office EE. Biopsychosocial Formulation. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/60178. Accessed October 06, 2026.
Office, Encyclopedia Editorial. "Biopsychosocial Formulation" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/60178 (accessed October 06, 2026).
Office, E.E. (2026, September 21). Biopsychosocial Formulation. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/60178
Office, Encyclopedia Editorial. "Biopsychosocial Formulation." Encyclopedia. Web. 21 September, 2026.
Biopsychosocial Formulation
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Biopsychosocial formulation refers to an individualized, provisional framework for integrating biological, psychological, and social factors that may contribute to the development, presentation, and maintenance of a person’s health or psychological concerns [1][2][3]. It synthesizes information from these domains into a set of explanatory hypotheses concerning the relationships among relevant factors rather than simply listing clinical findings [2][4]. The formulation may organize factors according to their predisposing, precipitating, perpetuating, and protective roles, while considering their interactions within the individual’s personal and social context [3][5]. It is generally regarded as a working hypothesis that can be revised as additional information becomes available or circumstances change [2][6]. Biopsychosocial formulation may also incorporate personal meaning, strengths, cultural and social context, and relevant environmental influences when these contribute to understanding the presenting concern. It is distinct from a diagnosis, although it may complement diagnostic assessment and inform individualized clinical planning.

biopsychosocial formulation case formulation biological factors psychological factors social factors clinical assessment

References

  1. George L. Engel; The Need for a New Medical Model: A Challenge for Biomedicine. Sci. 1977, 196, 129-136. [CrossRef]
  2. Nancy C. Winters; Graeme Hanson; Veneta Stoyanova; The Case Formulation in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. Clin. North Am. 2007, 16, 111-132. [CrossRef]
  3. Aneeta Saxena; Sara Paredes-Echeverri; Rosa Michaelis; Stoyan Popkirov; David L. Perez; Using the Biopsychosocial Model to Guide Patient-Centered Neurological Treatments. Semin. Neurol. 2022, 42, 080-087. [CrossRef]
  4. Naomi E. Thrower; Sandra Bucci; Lydia Morris; Katherine Berry; The key components of a clinical psychology formulation: A consensus study. Br. J. Clin. Psychol. 2024, 63, 213-226. [CrossRef]
  5. Tina McClain; Patricia S. O’sullivan; James A. Clardy; Biopsychosocial Formulation: Recognizing Educational Shortcomings. Acad. Psychiatry 2004, 28, 88-94. [CrossRef]
  6. Louise Robinson; Amy Fox; Chronic pain: psychological formulation and MDT working: a COVID-19 pandemic reflective update. Anaesth. Intensiv. Care Med. 2022, 23, 540-543. [CrossRef]
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Subjects: Psychology
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Update Date: 23 Sep 2026
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